When is a negotiable instrument payable to order?

Sec. 8. When payable to order. - The instrument is payable to order where it is drawn payable to the order of a specified person or to him or his order. It may be drawn payable to the order of:
 
      (a) A payee who is not maker, drawer, or drawee; or    
      (b) The drawer or maker; or
      (c) The drawee; or  
      (d) Two or more payees jointly; or
      (e) One or some of several payees; or
      (f) The holder of an office for the time being.  
 
Where  the  instrument  is  payable  to  order,  the  payee  must  be named or otherwise indicated therein with reasonable certainty.
 

WORDS OF NEGOTIABILITY

      Among  others,  for  an  instrument  to  be  negotiable,  it  should  contain words of negotiability
      There are only 2 ways by which an instrument and the bill or note is to be paid to the person designated in the instrument or to any person to whom he has indorsed or delivered the same
      Without  the  words  “or  order”  or  “to  order  of”,  the  instrument  is payable  only  to  the  person  designated  therein  and  therefore,  is  non-negotiable
 

MEANING OF THE PHRASE “TO ORDER”

      Pay the payee or the person designated by the payee
 

NECESSITY OF NAMING THE PAYEE

      The law requires that the payee must be named or otherwise indicated with reasonable certainty
      Must be a person in being, whether natural or legal, and ascertained at the time of issue
      If there is no named payee, where the instrument is payable to order, no  one  could  indorse  the  instrument.    Consequently,  it  is  useless  to consider it as negotiable.
 

WHERE THE BLANK FOR NAME OF PAYEE UNFILLED

      Not  payable  to  order  because  the  payee  is  not  named  neither  is  he
designated with reasonable certainty