In fine, not being part of the gross salary or income of a government official or employee but a retirement benefit, terminal leave pay is not subject to income tax.
FACTS:
• Private respondent Efren P. Castaneda retired from the government service in 1982. Upon retirement, he received, among other benefits, terminal leave pay from which petitioner Commissioner of Internal Revenue withheld P12,557.13 allegedly representing income tax thereon.
• Castaneda filed a formal written claim with petitioner for a refund of the P12,557.13, contending that the cash equivalent of his terminal leave is exempt from income tax. To comply with the two-year prescriptive period within which claims for refund may be filed, Castaneda filed on 16 July 1984 with the Court of Tax Appeals a Petition for Review, seeking the refund of income tax withheld from his terminal leave pay.
• The Court of Tax Appeals decided in favor of Castaneda and ordered the CIR to refund Castaneda the sum of P12,557.13 withheld as income tax. Petitioner appealed the above-mentioned Court of Tax Appeals decision to this Court. In turn, we referred the case to the Court of Appeals for resolution. On 26 September 1990, the Court of Appeals dismissed the petition for review and affirmed the decision of the Court of Tax Appeals. Hence, the present recourse by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
• The Solicitor General, acting on behalf of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, contends that the terminal leave pay is income derived from employer-employee relationship, citing in support of his stand Section 28 of the NIRC.
ISSUE:
Whether or not terminal leave pay received by a government official or employee on the occasion of his compulsory retirement from the government service is subject to withholding (income) tax.
HELD:
• The Court has already ruled that the terminal leave pay received by a government official or employee is not subject to withholding (income) tax. In the recent case of Jesus N. Borromeo vs. The Hon. Civil Service Commission, et al., G.R. No. 96032, 31 July 1991, the Court explained the rationale behind the employee's entitlement to an exemption from withholding (income) tax on his terminal leave pay as follows: . . . commutation of leave credits, more commonly known as terminal leave, is applied for by an officer or employee who retires, resigns or is separated from the service through no fault of his own. (Manual on Leave Administration Course for Effectiveness published by the Civil Service Commission, pages 16-17). In the exercise of sound personnel policy, the Government encourages unused leaves to be accumulated. The Government recognizes that for most public servants, retirement pay is always less than generous if not meager and scrimpy. A modest nest egg which the senior citizen may look forward to is thus avoided. Terminal leave payments are given not only at the same time but also for the same policy considerations governing retirement benefits.
• In fine, not being part of the gross salary or income of a government official or employee but a retirement benefit, terminal leave pay is not subject to income tax.
