Promulgation of judgment

Sec. 6. Promulgation of judgment. – The judgment is promulgated by reading it in the presence of the accused and any judge of the court in which it was rendered. However, if the conviction is for a light offense, the judgment may be pronounced in the presence of his counsel or representative. When the judge is absent or outside the province or city, the judgment may be promulgated by the clerk
of court.
 
If the accused  is confined or detained in another province or city, the  judgment  may  be  promulgated  by  the  executive  judge  of  the Regional   Trial   Court   having   jurisdiction   over   the   place   of confinement or detention upon request of the court which rendered the  judgment.  The  court  promulgating  the  judgment  shall  have authority  to  accept  the  notice  of  appeal  and  to  approve  the  bail bond pending appeal; provided, that if the decision of the trial court
convicting the accused changed the nature of the offense from non-bailable  to  bailable,  the  application  for  bail  can  only  be  filed  and resolved by the appellate court. 
 
The proper clerk of court shall give notice to the accused personally or through his bondsman or warden and counsel, requiring him to be present at the promulgation of the decision. If the accused was tried  in  absentia  because  he  jumped  bail  or  escaped  from  prison, the notice to him shall be served at his last known address.
 
In  case  the  accused  fails  to  appear  at  the  scheduled  date  of promulgation of judgment despite notice, the promulgation shall be made by recording the judgment in the criminal docket and serving him a copy thereof at his last known address or thru his counsel.
 
If the judgment is for conviction and the failure of the accused to appear  was  without  justifiable  cause,  he  shall  lose  the  remedies available  in  these  rules  against  the  judgment  and  the  court  shall order  his  arrest.  Within  fifteen  (15)  days  from  promulgation  of judgment,  however,  the  accused  may  surrender  and  file  a  motion for  leave  of  court  to  avail  of  these  remedies.  He  shall  state  the reasons  for  his  absence  at  the  scheduled  promulgation  and  if  he proves  that  his  absence  was  for  a  justifiable  cause,  he  shall  be allowed  to  avail  of  said  remedies  within  fifteen  (15)  days  from
notice.
 

HOW IS THE JUDGMENT PROMULGATED?

     The judgment is promulgated by reading it in the presence of the accused and any judge of the court in which it was rendered.
     When  the  judge  is  absent  or  outside  the  province  or  city,  the judgment may be promulgated by the clerk of court.
 

CAN THERE BE PROMULGATION OF JUDGMENT IN THE ABSENCE OF THE ACCUSED?

     As a general rule, judgment must be promulgated in the presence of the accused.
     However, if the conviction is for a light offense, the judgment may be pronounced in the presence of his counsel or representative.
     Also,  if  the  accused  fails  to  attend  the  promulgation,  even  if  he was notified thereof, or if he jumped bail or escaped from prison, judgment may be validly promulgated in absentia 

WHAT  HAPPENS  IF  ONLY  THE  DISPOSITIVE  PORTION  OF  THE JUDGMENT IS READ TO THE ACCUSED?

     The first jeopardy will not validly attach
     The  judgment  must  be  promulgated  in  its  entirety,  not  just  the dispositive portion
     Otherwise,   the   criminal   case   wouldn’t   have   been   validly terminated and double jeopardy as a defense cannot attach
 

WHERE SHOULD JUDGMENT BE PROMULGAGED IF THE ACCUSED IS CONFINED   IN   A   PROVINCE   OUTSIDE   OF   THE   TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION OF THE COURT?

     If the accused is confined or detained in another province or city, the judgment may be promulgated by the executive judge of the Regional   Trial   Court   having   jurisdiction   over   the   place   of
confinement  or  detention  upon  request  of  the  court,  which rendered the judgment. 
     The  court  promulgating  the  judgment  can  also  accept  notices  of appeal and applications for bail, unless the court that rendered the decision  changed  the  nature  of  the  offense  from  non-bailable  to bailable,  in  which  case,  the  application  for  bail  can  only  be  filed
and resolved by the appellate court. 
 

WHAT HAPPENS IF THE ACCUSED FAILS TO APPEAR ON THE DATE OF PROMULGATION OF JUDGMENT DESPITE NOTICE?

     In  case  the  accused  fails  to  appear  at  the  scheduled  date  of promulgation  of  judgment  despite  notice,  the  promulgation  shall be  made  by  recording  the  judgment  in  the  criminal  docket  and serving him a copy thereof at his last known address or thru his counsel.
     If the judgment is for conviction and the failure of the accused to appear  was  without  justifiable  cause,  he  shall  lose  the  remedies available in these rules against the judgment and the court shall
order  his  arrest.  Within  fifteen  (15)  days  from  promulgation  of judgment, however, the accused may surrender and file a motion for  leave  of  court  to  avail  of  these  remedies.  He  shall  state  the
reasons for his absence at  the scheduled promulgation and if he proves  that  his  absence  was  for  a  justifiable  cause,  he  shall  be allowed  to  avail  of  said  remedies  within  fifteen  (15)  days  from
notice

WHAT ARE  THE REMEDIES  THAT THE ACCUSED  CANNOT AVAIL OF WHEN JUDGMENT IS PROMULGATED IN ABSENTIA?

1.    Appeal
2.    Probation
3.    Parole
4.    Motion for new trial or reconsideration
5.    Suspension of sentence
 

WHAT    ARE    THE    INSTANCES    WHEN    JUDGMENT    MAY    BE PROMULGATED DESPITE THE ABSENCE OF ACCUSED?

1.    When   the   accused   has   been   convicted   of   a   light   offense.  Judgment  may  be  promulgated  in  front  of  the  counsel  or representative of the accused
2.    When  the  trial  was  held  in  absentia  because  either  the  accused jumped bail or escaped confinement 
 

IF THE PROMULGATION OF JUDGMENT MUST BE IN ITS ENTIRETY, THEN DOES IT MEAN THE PROMULGATION OF JUDGMENT IN ERAP’S CASE NOT VALID?

     It is valid
     To clarify, the case of Quizon v. CA held that the promulgation of judgment was wrong not because only the dispositive portion was read.    It  was  wrong  since  what  was  only  promulgated  was
judgment   regarding   the   civil   liability   when   it   should   have promulgated judgment on both the civil and criminal liability
     So on the question on whether or not it is invalid promulgation to only read the dispositive portion, it is valid promulgation