RULE 114 - BAIL

Section 1. Bail defined. – Bail is the security given for the release of a person in custody of the law, furnished by him or a bondsman, to guarantee  his  appearance  before  any  court  as  required  under  the conditions  hereinafter  specified.  Bail  may  be  given  in  the  form  of corporate surety, property bond, cash deposit, or recognizance. 

WHAT IS BAIL?

1.    It is the security given  
2.    For the release of a person in custody of the law
3.    Furnished by him or a bondsman  
4.    To guarantee his appearance before any court as required
 

WHEN IS THE RIGHT TO BAIL AVAILABLE?

> The  right  only  accrues  when  a  person  is  arrested  or  deprived  of his liberty
> The  right  to  bail  presupposes  that  the  accused  is  under  legal custody
> A court cannot order provisional liberty to one who is then actually in the enjoyment of his liberty
> The right to bail therefore presupposes that the accused should be in custody  
 

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT FORMS OF BAIL?

1.    Corporate surety
2.    Property bond
3.    Cash bond
4.    Recognizance
 

WHAT IS RECOGNIZANCE?

1.    Obligation of record  
2.    Entered before a court or magistrate duly authorized to take it  
3.    With the condition to do some particular act
4.    The most usual condition in  criminal cases being the appearance of the accused for trial

NOTA  BENE:  may  be  by  the  accused  himself  or  of  another  person.    An example  of  this  is  when  Cory  Aquino  took  recognizance  of  Jomar  Sison.  Take note also that there are instances when there is pending application for probation, one applies for recognizance.
 

WHAT IS THE CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS OF THE RIGHT TO BAIL?

> Presumption of innocence