Civil Procedure

Hierarchy of Courts

As a matter of policy, direct resort to the Supreme Court will no longer be entertained unless the redress cannot be obtained in the appropriate lower courts, and exceptional and compelling circumstances, such as in the case of involving national interest and those of serious implications, justify the availment of the extraordinary remedy of the writ of certiorari, calling for the exercise of its primary jurisdiction. (Yee vs. Bernabe, 487 SCRA 385 [2006]).


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Musikatorni is a musical project by Atty. Ranny Randolf B. Libayan, known for its original song compositions that blend insightful lyrics with captivating melodies.
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