FIRST DIVISION
[G.R. No. 129184.
February 28, 2001]
EMERGENCY LOAN PAWNSHOP INCORPORATED and DANILO R. NAPALA, petitioners, vs. THE COURT OF APPEALS (Tenth Division) and TRADERS ROYAL BANK, respondents.
D E C I S I O N
PARDO, J.:
May an appeal be taken from a decision of the Regional Trial Court denying a motion to dismiss the complaint on the ground of improper venue? If not, will certiorari lie?
The case before the Court is a petition for review on certiorari assailing the decision of the Court of Appeals,[1] granting respondent’s petition for certiorari and dismissing the complaint below on the ground of improper venue.
On January 18, 1996, Traders Royal Bank (TRB for brevity) sold in
favor of petitioner Emergency Loan Pawnshop Incorporated (ELPI for brevity) a
parcel of land located at Km. 3 Asin, Baguio City for Five Hundred Thousand
Pesos (P500,000.00).[2]
At the time of the sale, TRB misrepresented to ELPI that the
subject property was a vacant residential lot valued at P600.00 to P800.00
per square meters, with a usable land area of 1,143.75 square meters
(approximately 75% of the land area of 1,525 sq.m.) without any illegal
occupants or squatters, when it truth the subject property was dominantly a
public road with only 140 square meters usable area.
ELPI, after having spent to fully ascertain the actual condition
of the property, demanded from TRB the rescission and cancellation of the sale
of the property. TRB refused, hence, on
April 16, 1996, ELPI filed with the Regional Trial Court, Davao, Branch 17, a complaint
for annulment of sale and damages against TRB.[3]
On August 27, 1996, TRB filed a Motion to Dismiss[4]
the complaint on the ground of improper venue.
On September 18, 1996 the trial court denied the motion to dismiss.[5]
On October 21, 1996, TRB filed a motion for reconsideration.[6]
On November 14, 1996, the trial court denied the motion.[7]
On January 15, 1997, TRB elevated the case to the Court of
Appeals by petition for certiorari and prohibition with preliminary
injunction or temporary restraining order, contending that the trial court
committed a grave abuse of discretion in denying its motion to dismiss the
complaint on the ground of improper venue.[8]
After due proceedings, on March 11, 1997, the Court of Appeals promulgated its decision, the dispositive portion of which reads:
“WHEREFORE, finding merit in the petition, the Orders dated
September 18,1996 and November 14, 1996 are hereby ANNULED and SET
ASIDE and Civil Case No. 24,317-96 is hereby DISMISSED on ground of
improper venue.”[9]
Hence, this petition.[10]
Petitioners seek to set aside the decision of the Court of Appeals alleging that:
1. The Court of Appeals erred in entertaining the petition for certiorari and prohibition, for lack of jurisdiction;
2. The Court of Appeals
erred in ruling that the Regional Trial Court erred in not dismissing the
complaint for improper venue.[11]
According to petitioners, the determination of whether the venue of an action was improperly laid was a question of law, thus, the Court of Appeals had no jurisdiction to entertain the petition for certiorari and prohibition, which involves pure questions of law.
Petitioners further alleged that an order denying a motion to dismiss is interlocutory in nature that can not be the subject of an appeal and can not be even reviewed by a special civil action for certiorari.
We find the petition not meritorious.
The general rule is that the denial of a motion to dismiss a
complaint is an interlocutory order and, hence, cannot be appealed or
questioned via a special civil action of certiorari until a final
judgment on the merits of the case is rendered.[12]
The remedy of the aggrieved party is to file an answer to the
complaint and to interpose as defenses the objections raised in his motion to
dismiss, proceed to trial, and in case of an adverse decision, to elevate the
entire case by appeal in due course.
However, the rule is not ironclad.
Under certain situations, recourse to
certiorari or mandamus is considered appropriate,
that is, (a) when the trial court issued the order without or in excess of
jurisdiction; (b) where there is patent
grave abuse of discretion by the trial court; or, (c) appeal would not prove to
be a speedy and adequate remedy as when an appeal would not promptly relieve a
defendant from the injurious effects of the patently mistaken order maintaining
the plaintiff’s baseless action and compelling the defendant needlessly to go
through a protracted trial and clogging the court dockets by another futile
case."[13]
In the case at bar, we agree with the Court of Appeals that the
trial court erred grievously amounting to ousting itself of jurisdiction. The motion of respondent TRB was well
founded because venue was clearly improperly laid. The action in the Regional Trial Court was for annulment of sale
involving a parcel of land located at Km. 3 Asin Road, Baguio City. The venue of such action is unquestionably
within the territorial jurisdiction of the proper court where the real property
or part thereof lies.[14]
An action affecting title to real property, or for recovery of, or foreclosure
of mortgage on real property, shall be commenced and tried in the proper court
having jurisdiction over the area where the real property or any part thereof
lies.[15]
Hence, the case at bar clearly falls within the exceptions to the rule. The Regional Trial Court has committed a palpable and grievous error amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction in denying the motion to dismiss the complaint on the ground of improper venue.
WHEREFORE, the Court denies the petition and affirms the
decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G. R. SP No. 43095, in toto.
No costs.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., (Chairman), Puno, Kapunan, and Ynares-Santiago, JJ., concur.
[1] In CA-G. R. SP No. 43095, promulgated on March 11, 1997, Aliño-Hormachuelos, J., ponente, Gonzaga-Reyes and Mabutas, Jr., JJ., concurring. Petition, Annex “A”, Rollo, pp. 18-22.
[2] Petition, Annex “C” [Annex “A”] Deed of Absolute Sale, Rollo, pp. 28-30.
[3] Docketed as Civil Case No. 24,317-96. Petition, Annex “C”, Rollo, pp. 23-27.
[4] Petition, Annex “D”, Rollo, pp. 33-34.
[5] Petition, Annex “E”, Rollo, p. 35. Judge Renato A. Fuentes, presiding.
[6] Docketed as CA-G. R. SP No. 43095, Petition, CA Rollo, pp. 5-18.
[7] Petition, Annex “G”, Rollo, pp. 41-42.
[8] Docketed as CA-G. R. SP No. 43095, Petition, CA Rollo, pp. 5-18.
[9] Petition, Annex “A”, Rollo, pp. 18-20. Aliño-Hormachuelos, J., ponente, Gonzaga-Reyes and Mabutas, Jr., JJ., concurring.
[10] Petition filed by registered mail posted on May 13, 1997, Rollo, pp. 5-17.
[11] Petition, Rollo, p. 9.11 Gonzales v. Court of Appeals, G. R. No. 112876, June 8, 2000.
[12] Gonzales v. Court of Appeals, G. R. No. 112876, June 8, 2000.
[13] Far East Bank and Trust Company v. Court of Appeals, G. R. No. 135548, September 29, 2000, citing cases.
[14] Rule 4, Section 1, 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure, as amended. Paderanga v. Buissan, 226 SCRA 786 [1993].
[15] Fortune Motors (Phil.), Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 178 SCRA 564 [1989]; Commodities Storage and Ice Plant Corporation v. Court of Appeals, 340 Phil. 551 [1997].