FIRST DIVISION
[G. R. Nos. 113022-24. December 15, 2000]
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee, vs. TEOFILO
SERANILLA y FRANCISCO, LEO FERRER y PADILLA, EDMUNDO HENTOLIA y RETAA, DANIEL
ALMORIN y BALBIN AND CARLOS CORTEZ, JR., accused.
TEOFILO
SERANILLA y FRANCISCO, LEO FERRER y PADILLA, EDMUNDO HENTOLIA y RETAA and
DANIEL ALMORIN y BALBIN, accused-appellants.
D E C I S I O N
PARDO, J.:
The case is an appeal
from the decision of the Regional Trial Court, San Mateo, Rizal, Branch 77[1]1 In Criminal Case Nos. 1945-48, Judge
Francisco C. Rodriguez, Jr., presiding.1 convicting accused Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Leo Ferrer y
Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez,
Jr., of four counts of rape with homicide, sentencing each of them to four
penalties of reclusion perpetua, and to jointly and severally pay the
heirs of the victim, Ma. Victoria P. Santos, the amount of fifty thousand
(P50,000.00) pesos as indemnity.
On October 6, 1992,
Assistant Prosecutor of Rizal Romulo I. Nañola filed with the Regional Trial
Court, San Mateo, Rizal, four informations charging Teofilo Seranilla y
Francisco, Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y
Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr. with rape with homicide.[2]2 Docketed as Criminal Cases Nos. 1945-49, the
four cases were raffled to Branch 77 of the same court.2
The information in each
of the four cases reads as follows:
Criminal Case No. 1945
“That on or about the 20th day of September 1992 in the Municipality of San Mateo, Province of Rizal, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring and confederating together and mutually helping and aiding one another, by means of threats, force and intimidation, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge of the victim MARIA VICTORIA P. SANTOS against her will and consent; accused DANIEL ALMORIN Y BALBIN committed rape by direct execution while the other four (4) Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, and Carlos Cortez, Jr., participated by acts without which the commission of rape could not have been accomplished, and by reason or on the occasion of the rape, a homicide was committed, that is, victim MA. VICTORIA SANTOS was killed by the accused.
Contrary to law.”[3]3 RTC Record, Criminal Case No. 1945, p. 1.3
Criminal Case No. 1946
“That on or about the 20th day of September 1992 in the Municipality of San Mateo, Province of Rizal, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring and confederating together and mutually helping and aiding one another, by means of threats, force and intimidation, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge of the victim MARIA VICTORIA P. SANTOS against her will and consent; accused EDMUNDO HENTOLIA y RETAA committed rape by direct execution while the other four (4) Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr., participated by acts without which the commission of rape could not have been accomplished, and by reason or on the occasion of the rape, a homicide was committed, that is, victim MA. VICTORIA SANTOS was killed by the accused.
Contrary to law.”[4]4 RTC Record, Criminal Case No. 1946, p. 1.4
Criminal Case No. 1947
“That on or about the 20th day of September 1992 in the Municipality of San Mateo, Province of Rizal, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring and confederating together and mutually helping and aiding one another, by means of threats, force and intimidation, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge of the victim MARIA VICTORIA P. SANTOS against her will and consent; accused TEOFILO SERANILLA y FRANCISCO committed rape by direct execution while the other four (4) Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr., participated by acts without which the commission of rape could not have been accomplished, and by reason or on the occasion of the rape, a homicide was committed, that is, victim MA. VICTORIA SANTOS was killed by the accused.
Contrary to law.”[5]5 RTC Record, Criminal Case No. 1947, p. 1.5
Criminal Case No. 1948
“That on or about the 20th day of September 1992 in the Municipality of San Mateo, Province of Rizal, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring and confederating together and mutually helping and aiding one another, by means of threats, force and intimidation, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously have carnal knowledge of the victim MARIA VICTORIA P. SANTOS against her will and consent; accused LEO FERRER y PADILLA committed rape by direct execution while the other four (4) Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr., participated by acts without which the commission of rape could not have been accomplished, and by reason or on the occasion of the rape, a homicide was committed, that is, victim MA. VICTORIA SANTOS was killed by the accused.
Contrary to law.”[6]6 RTC Record, Criminal Case No. 1948, p. 1.6
At the arraignment on
November 3, 1992, each of the accused pleaded not guilty.[7]7 Certificate of Arraignment, RTC Record,
Criminal Case No. 1945, p. 18;
Certificate of Arraignment, RTC Record, Criminal Case No. 1946, p. 13;
Certificate of Arraignment, RTC Record, Criminal Case No. 1947, p. 10; Certificate
of Arraignment, RTC Record, Criminal Case No. 1948, p. 13.7
Joint trial ensued.
On September 20, 1992,
Vicky Santos, a cashier of SM Megamall, informed her mother that she would be
late in coming home from work because she had to attend a meeting. Her mother
waited for her the whole night until three days later, but Vicky never
returned.
Five days later, on
September 25, 1992, the lifeless naked body of Vicky Santos was found on a
grassy area in Paraiso Street, Barangay Ampid, San Mateo, Rizal, in an advanced
state of decomposition. Her skin was
peeling off, her skeletal head tilted to one side and bore an anguished
expression, and her arms and legs were spread apart. Her neck had been slashed.
Zenaida Santos, mother of
the victim, identified Vicky’s body through her ring and false teeth. Vicky was only twenty years old when she
died and left a one-year-old daughter behind.
Policemen photographed
the cadaver and combed the area for evidence.
They found the maong pants of the victim, one of her shoes, her
underwear, and a t-shirt near the body of the victim.
The same day, Col. Dario
L. Gajardo, a physician, conducted a post-mortem examination of the body of
Vicky Santos, upon request of the San Mateo Police. He concluded that the victim died from cardio-respiratory arrest
due to shock and hemorrhage secondary to incised wound in the neck. The incised wound of the victim extended
three meters from the left portion of her neck to the right side. Other injuries on the body of the victim
could not be identified because the skin, in its advanced state of
decomposition, was peeling off. The
medico-legal expert also noted that the visceral organs of her body were
autolyzed or in a liquefied state.[8]8 Testimony of Col. Dario L. Gajardo, TSN,
January 19, 1993, pp. 4-11.8
On September 25, 1992,
policemen arrested Teofilo Seranilla, Leo Ferrer, Daniel Almorin, and Edmundo
Henatolia. On the same day, policemen
brought Carlos Cortez, Jr. to the police station for questioning regarding his
possible involvement in the killing of Vicky Santos. After being informed of the gravity of the offense, Carlos
Cortez, Jr. executed a sworn statement revealing the events that transpired on
September 20, 1992, and implicating his friends in the crime.
According to Carlos
Cortez, Jr., on September 20, 1992, at around 11:30 in the evening, he was
drinking liquor with accused Teofilo Seranilla, Leo Ferrer, Daniel Almorin, and
Edmundo Hentolia near a barbecue stand in Paraiso Street, Barangay Ampid, San
Mateo, Rizal. It was raining a little
and they were enjoying several bottles of gin under the shelter of the barbecue
stand.
Suddenly, they noticed
Vicky Santos walking by. Accused Carlos
Cortez, Jr. knew Vicky for two years already, and described her as beautiful,
fair-skinned and slim. Accused Teofilo
and Leo blocked the way of Vicky.
Without warning, Leo hit Vicky on the stomach. Vicky lost consciousness and fell to the ground. Teofilo and Leo
carried her to a grassy area nearby.
Carlos, Daniel, and Edmundo followed.
Teofilo removed the shirt of Vicky and took off her pants and
panty. Then, he spread her legs. The other accused took different positions,
holding Vicky in different parts of her body so that she would not be able to
escape. Teofilo placed himself on top
of the unconscious Vicky and had sexual intercourse with her. About five minutes later, Teofilo stepped
aside and held the thighs of Vicky while Leo took his turn in raping her. At that point, Vicky momentarily regained
consciousness, but Leo punched her in the stomach, causing her to lose
consciousness again. Leo also succeeded
in having sexual intercourse with Vicky.
After about five minutes, Daniel, who was holding the left arm of Vicky,
uttered, “Ako naman.” Leo
obliged. Daniel spread the thighs of
Vicky and propped himself on top of her.
Teofilo meanwhile held the left arm of Vicky while Edmundo held her
right arm. Daniel likewise satisfied
his lust and thereafter, allowed Edmundo to take his turn. Carlos Cortez, Jr., watched but left before
Edmundo finished having intercourse with Vicky.[9]9 Testimony of Carlos Cortez, Jr., TSN,
December 3, 1992, pp. 3-13.9
Accused Teofilo
Seranilla, Leo Ferrer, Daniel Almorin, and Edmundo Henatolia denied any
participation in the crimes charged.
For his part, accused
Teofilo Seranilla testified that on September 20, 1992, he worked at the
Fortune Integrated Textile Mills, Rodriguez, Rizal from 2:00 in the afternoon
up to 10:00 in the evening. He arrived
at San Mateo, Rizal at around 10:35 in the evening. He did not see anyone along the road to his house because it was
raining and the stores were closed. He
presented his time card at work in order to prove his alibi. He admitted that he knew all his co-accused
because they would drink together on occasion.
He was arrested on September 25, 1992, at around 12:00 midnight.[10]10 Testimony of Teofilo Seranilla, TSN,
February 23, 1993, pp. 3-20.10
Accused Edmundo Hentolia
testified that in the evening of September 20, 1992, he was sleeping in his
house. He had a wounded leg that day
which prevented him from going to work in Bulacan. He admitted that he knew all his co-accused, as they would often
drink together, but vehemently denied that he was drinking with co-accused near
the barbecue stand that night, saying that he would usually drink with them at
the Nawasa Compound near his place. He
stated that the place where the body of Vicky Santos was found was thirty (30)
meters from his house. He knew the
victim because she was his neighbor. He
was arrested at 9:00 in the evening of September 25, 1992. [11]11 Testimony of Edmundo Hentolia, TSN, March 9,
1993, pp. 2-16.11
Accused Daniel Almorin
testified that on September 20, 1992, he was at the store of his mother and
helping his sister. At around 10:00 in
the evening, he fetched water and then he slept at home. He admitted that he knew his co-accused but
denied having a drinking spree with them that night. However, he was drinking that night of September 25, 1992, when
he was arrested together with accused Edmundo Hentolia.[12]12 Testimony of Daniel Almorin, TSN, March 18,
1993, pp. 2-20.12
Accused Leo Ferrer
testified that at around 10:00 in the evening of September 20, 1992, he was at
home in Resurrecion Subdivision, Sta. Ana, San Mateo, Rizal, around four
hundred (400) meters from the place where the body of Vicky Santos was
found. He admitted that he knew all his
co-accused and that they were his drinking mates.[13]13 Testimony of Leo Ferrer, TSN, March 25,
1993, pp. 3-24.13
Prosecution witness
Ronaldo Franco testified that he saw accused-appellants enjoying a drinking
spree on the evening of September 20, 1992 at Paraiso Street, Ampid, San Mateo,
Rizal. He left the area at around 10:00
in the evening and noticed that accused-appellants were still drinking.[14]14 TSN, January 5, 1993, pp. 21-23.14
On January 20, 1993,
accused Carlos Cortez, Jr. escaped from confinement.[15]15 Report dated January 20, 1993, RTC Record,
Criminal Case No. 1945, p. 88.15
On August 9, 1993, the
trial court rendered a joint decision, the dispositive portion of which states:
“WHEREFORE, this Court finds all the accused GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of Rape with Homicide. This Court in Criminal Case No. 1945, sentences the accused Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr. the penalty of reclusion perpetua.
“This Court in Criminal Case No. 1946, sentences the accused Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr. the penalty of reclusion perpetua.
“This Court in Criminal Case No. 1947, sentences the accused Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr. the penalty of reclusion perpetua.
“This Court in Criminal Case No. 1948, sentences the accused Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa, Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr. the penalty of reclusion perpetua. All the accused should jointly and severally indemnify the heirs of Ma. Victoria P. Santos the sum of Fifty Thousand Pesos (P50,000.00).
“SO ORDERED.
“GIVEN IN CHAMBER, this 9th day of August, 1993, in San Mateo, Rizal.
“FRANCISCO C. RODRIGUEZ, JR.
Judge”[16]16 Decision, RTC Record, Criminal Case No.
1945, pp. 118-135.16
On December 21, 1994,
Teofilo Seranilla, Leo Ferrer, Edmundo Hentolia, and Daniel Almorin jointly
filed a notice of appeal to this Court.[17]17 Rollo, pp. 81-95.17
The appeal lacks merit.
The prosecution of the
complex crime of rape with homicide is particularly difficult since the victim
can no longer testify against the perpetrator of the crime.[18]18 People v. Gallarde, G. R. No. 133025,
February 17, 2000; People v. Robles, 305 SCRA 273, 281 (1999).18
In this case, the
advanced state of decomposition of the body of the victim rendered difficult
any conclusive finding of the fact of rape.
The medico-legal expert noted that the vagina and other vital organs of
the victim were autolyzed or were in a liquefied state. Moreover, there were no eyewitnesses to the
killing itself pointing to accused-appellants as the perpetrators of the crime.
However, the prosecution
presented accused Carlos Cortez, Jr. as an eyewitness to the rape of the
victim. The issue, therefore, boils
down to the credibility of witnesses.
Prosecution witness
Carlos Cortez, Jr. gave an eyewitness account of the rape that occurred that
fateful night. He testified in a
categorical, candid, spontaneous and frank manner. Even on cross-examination, he remained unshaken and
credible. He not only implicated
himself as he failed to do anything to stop the crime being committed, he
likewise implicated his drinking friends to the dastardly act against an
innocent passerby. His testimony, being
positive and credible, sufficed to secure the conviction of accused-appellants.
Carlos Cortez, Jr. also
revealed the manner by which accused-appellants acted in concert pursuant to
the same objective, indicating a conspiracy among them. They performed specific acts with such
coordination that would indicate a common purpose or design.[19]19 People v. Flores, 195 SCRA 295
(1991).19 While one
accused-appellant would have sexual intercourse with the victim, the others
would keep her at bay by holding her thighs or arms.
Regarding the killing of
the victim, circumstantial evidence points to accused-appellants as the
perpetrators of the killing of the victim.
Circumstantial evidence is sufficient to sustain a conviction if: (a)
there is more than one circumstance; (b) the facts from which the inferences
are derived are proven; and (c) the combination of all circumstances is such as
to produce conviction beyond reasonable doubt.[20]20 Rule 133, Section 4, Revised Rules of
Court.20 The following
circumstances, when taken together, point to accused-appellants as the
culprits:
1) Accused-appellants admitted that they all knew each other and would drink together.
2) Accused-appellants were together immediately preceding the incident and at the scene of the crime on the night itself.
3) Carlos Cortez, Jr. gave an eyewitness account of how accused-appellants took turns in having sexual intercourse with the unconscious victim.
4) The position of the naked body of the victim indicated she had been raped.
5) The body of the victim was found in a grassy area near the place where accused-appellants were last seen.
6) Accused-appellant Teofilo Seranilla admitted that there were no other persons in the area, as it was slightly raining that night and it was late in the evening.
7) The medico-legal expert estimated the time of death of the victim to be about five days prior to date of examination, which coincided with the date of the commission of the offense on September 20, 1992.
Accused-appellants,
however, interposed an alibi as their defense. Accused-appellant Daniel Almorin alleged he was at the store of
his mother and helping his sister, but did not present other evidence to
corroborate such allegation.
Accused-appellant Teofilo Seranilla stated that he arrived at San Mateo,
Rizal at around 10:35, but failed to corroborate his statement that he went
home after that and did not linger in the area of the crime scene. Accused-appellant Edmundo Hentolia averred
that he was at home that night, thirty meters away from the scene of the crime. Accused-appellant Leo Ferrer alleged that he
was at home, but such allegation was likewise uncorroborated.
Aside from being
uncorroborated, the various places which accused-appellants claimed they were
staying were not of such distance as to preclude them from being at the place
of the incident at the probable time of death of the victim. In order for alibi to prevail, the
defense must establish by positive, clear and satisfactory proof that it was
physically impossible for the accused to have been at the scene of the crime at
the time of its commission, and not merely that the accused was somewhere else.[21]21 People v. Magana, 328 Phil. 721, 734
(1996).21
Furthermore, the
testimony of Rolando Franco adequately established the presence of
accused-appellants at the scene of the crime immediately before the incident. Franco saw accused-appellants drinking in
the vicinity of the scene of the crime on the night in question.
Also, prosecution witness
Carlos Cortez, Jr. positively identified accused-appellants. Alibi cannot prevail over the
positive testimony of prosecution witnesses and their clear identification of
the accused-appellants as the perpetrators of the crime.[22]22 People v. Mangat, 310 SCRA 101, 113 (1999).22
Consequently, the trial
court did not err in convicting accused-appellants of rape with homicide. Considering that each of the
accused-appellant was shown to have conspired and mutually helped each other in
committing the crime, and that the victim was killed on the occasion thereof,
each shall be criminally liable for each count of rape with homicide.[23]23 People v. Diño, 160 SCRA 197
(1988).23
Under Article 335 of the
Revised Penal Code in effect at the time of the commission of the crime, the
penalty for rape with homicide was death.
By reason of the constitutional prohibition on the imposition of the
death penalty at that time, the trial court correctly meted out four penalties
of reclusion perpetua on each accused-appellant.
As to their civil
indemnity, we note that the trial court merely awarded the amount of fifty
thousand (P50,000.00) pesos. This
amount must be increased to one hundred thousand (P100,000.00) pesos for each
count, in line with current jurisprudence involving cases of rape with
homicide.[24]24 People v. Laharto, G. R. Nos. 118828 &
119371, February 29, 2000; People v. Quisay, G. R. No. 106833, December 10,
1999.24 In addition, the Court
has ruled that the amount of P50,000.00 as moral damages must be awarded to the
victims of rape without need of proof nor even pleading the basis thereof.[25]25 People v. Ordoño, G. R. No. 132154, June 29,
2000.25
WHEREFORE, the Court AFFIRMS with modifica- tion the
decision of the Regional Trial Court, San Mateo, Rizal, Branch 77 convicting
Teofilo Seranilla y Francisco, Leo Ferrer y Padilla, Edmundo Hentolia y Retaa,
Daniel Almorin y Balbin and Carlos Cortez, Jr., of four counts of rape with
homicide, sentencing each of them to four penalties of reclusion perpetua, with
accessory penalties of the law, and to solidarily pay the heirs of the victim,
Ma. Victoria P. Santos, the amount of one hundred thousand (P100,000.00) pesos
as civil indemnity and fifty thousand (P50,000.00) pesos as moral damages for
each count of rape with homicide.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J.,
(Chairman), Puno, Kapunan, and
Ynares-Santiago, JJ., concur.