The petition for review on certiorari seeks to annul and set aside the decision of the Court of Appeals1 [In CA-G. R. SP No. 39557, promulgated on November 28, 1997, Justice Vidallon-Magtolis, ponente, and Justices Montoya and Cosico, concurring.] and the resolution denying reconsideration of said decision.2 [Resolution issued on October 29, 1998.] The Court of Appeals upheld the jurisdiction of the regional trial court over the case pending between the parties.3 [Docketed as Civil Case No. 95-73823.]

The antecedent facts are undisputed. They may be related as follows: Jksm

The parties in this case are related to one another by blood. They were the children of the late Ramon E. Saura, Sr. Petitioner Macrina Saura is Ramon Sr.’s third wife. She was joined by co-petitioners, her children by Ramon Sr., Amelita Saura-Vergara and Romeo S. Saura, and Villa Governor Forbes, Inc, (VGFI) a corporation duly organized and existing under Philippine laws.4 [Rollo, p. 71.] On the other hand, respondents Ramon G. Saura, Jr. and Carmencita S. Millan are the legitimate children of Ramon Sr. by his first and second wife, respectively.

Respondents Ramon G. Saura, Jr., and Carmencita S. Millan were the absolute owners of two parcels of land located at Governor Forbes, Sampaloc, Manila, each containing an area of seven hundred (700) square meters, evidenced by Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) Nos. 135148 and 135149. Chief

In 1979, respondents’ father, Ramon E. Saura, Sr., initiated the incorporation of Villa Governor Forbes, Inc., with his children, and third wife as stockholders.5 [The stockholders are Ramon G. Saura, Jr., Carmencita S. Millan, Helen Saura Baldoria, Raymundo S. Saura, Norma Saura Cabrera, Amelita S. Saura, Romeo S. Saura, and Macrina Saura, Rollo, p. 72.] On August 8, 1979, respondents executed a deed of exchange of the two parcels of land for 23,750 shares of stocks of VGFI, valued at P237,500.00. Though the property was appraised by bank examiners to have a value of about P2,000,000.00, respondents’ father gave it a valuation of only P310,000.00. Of this amount, respondents Ramon, Jr. and Carmencita were credited with P73,625.00 each as paid shares of stock. The balance was made to appear as the contribution of petitioners in the corporation: P42,625.00 for Amelita, P42,635.00 for Romeo, and P19,375.00 for Macrina. Their other siblings, namely, Norma T. Saura, Helen G. Saura and Raymundo Y. Saura, were also assigned shares in the amount of P19,375.00 each. Esm

On August 29, 1979, the deed of exchange was registered with the Register of Deeds of Manila resulting in the cancellation of respondents’ certificates of title and the issuance of TCT No. 135150 in the name of VGFI.

On March 25, 1986, respondents Ramon, Jr. and Carmencita6 [Joined by their other siblings namely Helen Saura-Baldoria, Norma Saura-Cabrera and Raymundo Y. Saura and by VGFI, docketed as SEC Case No. 002968.] filed a complaint with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) against their father Ramon E. Saura, Sr., his wife Macrina and their children Amelita and Romeo, for annulment of subscription, recovery of corporate assets and funds. During the pendency of the proceedings, on May 15, 1992, Ramon, Sr. died.

On October 29, 1990, the SEC panel of hearing officers7 [Composed by Felipe S. Tongco, Juanito B. Almosa, Jr., and Trinidad L. Dabay.] promulgated a decision approving a compromise agreement between respondent Carmencita S. Millan and petitioners. With respect to respondent Ramon G. Saura, Jr., the panel of hearing officers dismissed the case upon finding that his shares had been declared delinquent and subsequently sold at public auction, making him not a stockholder of the corporation. However, the SEC en banc reversed such finding and remanded the case to the hearing panel for the immediate resolution of the case. Esmsc

Despite the pendency of the SEC case, on April 11, 1995, petitioners sold the disputed real property to Sandalwood Realty Development Corporation (Sandalwood) for a consideration of P15,000,000.00. The sale was done without the knowledge and consent of respondents Ramon, Jr., and Carmencita. Eventually, the Register of Deeds of Manila issued TCT No. 221008 to Sandalwood.

On May 11, 1995, respondents Ramon Jr. and Carmencita filed with the Regional Trial Court, Manila, a civil case for annulment of sale, declaration of nullity of deed of exchange, recovery of possession, cancellation of title, accounting, damages, with prayer for receivership ex parte.8 [Docketed as Civil Case No. 95-73823.] Esmmis

On August 26, 1995, petitioners Macrina, Amelita and Romeo filed with the trial court a motion to dismiss the complaint based on: (1) forum shopping; (2) res judicata; (3) prescription; (4) lack of jurisdiction; (5) lack of cause of action; (6) estoppel; and (7) litis pendentia.9 [Rollo, pp. 97-112.]

On September 8, 1995, the trial court denied the motion to dismiss and held that: (1) there was no forum shopping because the cases pending with the SEC and with the regional trial court involved different issues; (2) the civil case was not barred by res judicata since the judgment on compromise of the SEC did not result in a complete and final settlement of the claims which the parties may have against each other; (3) there was no litis pendentia because no identity of parties and issues exists; and (4) Sandalwood Realty Development Corporation’s claim that respondents were not the real party in interest was without basis because they stand to benefit or be injured by the result of the suit. However, the court deferred the resolution of the issue of prescription and lack of cause of action until after trial. Esmso

On December 11, 1995, the trial court denied petitioners’ separate motions for reconsideration. On January 26, 1996, petitioners elevated the case to the Court of Appeals via certiorari contending that the trial court gravely erred when it denied the motion to dismiss. They insist that the Securities and Exchange Commission has original and exclusive jurisdiction over the subject matter and nature of the complaint.

In its decision promulgated on November 28, 1997, the Court of Appeals upheld the order of the trial court and dismissed the petition for lack of merit. Though it agreed with petitioners that the trial court had no jurisdiction insofar as the deed of exchange was concerned for being an agreement between VGFI and the respondents who are stockholders of the corporation, the appellate court maintained that the SEC has no jurisdiction over the subject matter of the civil action for annulment of the sale. This was because the validity of the deed of exchange was not the only matter brought before the trial court. The validity of the deed of exchange is "intricately connected with the sale" of the real property to Sandalwood by petitioners Amelita and Romeo, acting in their capacities as president and vice president, respectively, of VGFI. Sandalwood has no intra-corporate relationship with petitioners or respondents. Hence, there was no intra-corporate dispute. Msesm

Specifically, the Court of Appeals held that:

Hence, this petition for review on certiorari. Exsm

In essence, petitioners Macrina, Amelita and Romeo, claim that the Court of Appeals gravely abused its discretion when it upheld the jurisdiction of the trial court and dismissed their petition. They contend that the main issue involved in the complaint filed with the trial court is the validity of the deed of exchange executed between petitioner VGFI and respondents, which is an intra-corporate matter falling within the original and exclusive jurisdiction of the SEC. Petitioners allege that this issue poses a prejudicial question to the case pending with the trial court, justifying the suspension of the civil case with the trial court. In this petition, petitioners advance the same assignment of errors they made in their petition with the appellate court.

In the present case, we shall not deal with the merits of the questioned sale of real property from VGFI to Sandalwood. That will be resolved by the proper court. What we are examining here is which as between the Regional Trial Court and the Securities and Exchange Commission has the competent jurisdiction over the questioned sale. Kyle

The resolution of the petition hinges on the determination of the validity of the sale of realty to a third party not involved in the intra-corporate dispute. Petitioners contend that the main issue to be resolved is the validity of the deed of exchange, one that is intra-corporate in nature since it involved a transaction between the respondents-stockholders and the corporation. On the other hand, respondents do not dispute that the validity of the deed of exchange is in issue; however, they contend that this issue is "intricately connected with the sale of the realty to Sandalwood." It is their position that this complexity removed the dispute from the ambit of SEC’s jurisdiction and vested it on the trial court.

"To determine which body has jurisdiction over the present controversy, we rely on the sound judicial principle that jurisdiction over the subject matter is conferred by law and is determined by the allegations of the complaint irrespective of whether the plaintiff is entitled to all or some of the claims asserted therein."11 [Garcia vs. Court of Appeals, 273 SCRA 239, 247. [1997]; Cf. Jaime Morta, Sr. vs. Jaime Occidental, G.R. No. 123417, June 10, 1999; Panfilo M. Lacson vs. The Executive Secretary, G.R. No. 128096, January 20, 1999.] Ncm

Section 5 of Presidential Decree 902-A sets forth the jurisdiction of the SEC as follows:

"The grant of jurisdiction to the SEC must be viewed in the light of its nature and function under the law. This jurisdiction is determined by a concurrence of two elements: (1) the status or relationship of the parties; and (2) the nature of the question that is the subject of their controversy."12 [Lozano vs. De los Santos, 274 SCRA 452, 457. [1997]]

"The first element requires that the controversy must arise out of intra-corporate or partnership relations between and among stockholders, members, or associates; between any or all of them and the corporation, partnership or association of which they are stockholders, members or associates, respectively; and between such corporation, partnership or association and the State in so far as it concerns their individual franchises.

The second element requires that the dispute among the parties be intrinsically connected with the regulation of the corporation, partnership or association."13 [Lozano vs. De los Santos, supra; see also Union Glass & Container Corporation vs. SEC, 126 SCRA 31, 38. [1983]]

In the complaint filed with the trial court, respondents Ramon, Jr. and Carmencita seek the annulment of the sale to Sandalwood. Ultimately, the civil case with the trial court is directed against the buyer of the disputed property, which has no intra-corporate relationship with respondents Ramon, Jr. and Carmencita. Petitioners are only impleaded as necessary parties being the officers of the seller-corporation. Hence, the controversy is an ordinary civil litigation beyond the ambit of the limited jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission. In the present case, there is no necessity to resort to the expertise of the SEC. Respondents’ complaint for annulment of the sale is an ordinary civil action, beyond the jurisdiction of the SEC. Sdaamiso

"It is true that the trend is towards vesting administrative bodies like the SEC with the power to adjudicate matters coming under their particular specialization, to insure a more knowledgeable solution of the problems submitted to them. This would also relieve the regular courts of a substantial number of cases that would otherwise swell their already clogged dockets. But as expedient as this policy may be, it should not deprive the courts of justice of their power to decide ordinary cases in accordance with the general laws that do not require any particular expertise or training to interpret and apply. Otherwise, the creeping take-over by the administrative agencies of the judicial power vested in the courts would render the judiciary virtually impotent in the discharge of the duties assigned to it by the Constitution."14 [Macapalan vs. Katalbas-Moscardon, 227 SCRA 49, 54-55. [1993]] Sdaad

Since Sandalwood has no intra-corporate relationship with the respondents, it cannot be joined as party-defendant in the SEC case as to do so would violate the rule on jurisdiction. Therefore, respondents’ complaint against Sandalwood for the annulment of the sale of realty was properly filed before the regular court. This action must await the final ruling of the issue raised in SEC Case No. 2968, questioning the validity of the deed of exchange, the resolution of which is a logical antecedent of the issue involved in the civil action against Sandalwood.15 [Union Glass & Container Corporation vs. SEC, supra.] Thus, respondents’ complaint for annulment of sale can only succeed if final judgment is rendered in SEC Case No. 2968, annulling the deed of exchange executed in favor of VGFI.

Having resolved the issue of jurisdiction, we go into the discussion of other issues raised in the petition.

Petitioners claim that respondents were guilty of forum shopping. The appellate court found that there was no forum shopping. Scsdaad

We sustain the Court of Appeal’s finding. "Forum-shopping exists where the elements of litis pendentia are present, and where a final judgment in one case will amount to res judicata in the other. Thus, there is forum-shopping when, between an action pending before this Court and another one, there exist: ‘(a) identity of parties, or at least such parties as represent the same interests in both actions, (b) identity of rights asserted and relief prayed for, the relief being founded on the same facts, and (c) the identity of the two preceding particulars is such that any judgment rendered in the other action, will, regardless of which party is successful, amount to res judicata in the action under consideration; said requisites also constitutive of the requisites for auter action pendant or lis pendens.’ Another case elucidates the consequence of forum-shopping: ‘[W]here a litigant sues the same party against whom another action or actions for the alleged violation of the same right and the enforcement of the same relief is/are still pending, the defense of litis pendentia in one case is a bar to the others; and, a final judgment in one would constitute res judicata and thus would cause the dismissal of the rest."16 [Prubankers Association vs. Prudential Bank and Trust Company, G.R. No. 131247, January 25, 1999.] Suprema

Though it might seem that the first requisite was present in the cases pending with the SEC and the trial court, we find that the other requisites were not present. There was no identity in the rights asserted and the relief prayed for. The case pending with the SEC was for the annulment of subscription and recovery of corporate assets and funds. The complaint pending with the trial court relates to the annulment of sale, declaration of nullity of deed of exchange, recovery of possession, cancellation of title, accounting, damages with prayer for receivership ex parte. The case pending with the SEC involved an issue different from the case pending with the trial court, such that any resolution in the first would not amount to res judicata in the other.

In relation to the contention that the judgment on compromise between respondent Carmencita and petitioners barred her from filing the antecedent civil case with the trial court due to res judicata, the appellate court was right in finding that res judicata did not exist. As held in the recent case of Banaga vs. Court of Appeals,17 [G.R. No. 127941, January 28, 1999.] res judicata exists when all the following elements are present: Juris

There is no question that the SEC has jurisdiction over the question involved. However, it failed to meet all the elements of res judicata -- identity of subject matter and cause of action. It was not even a complete disposition of the controversies between the parties because the appellate court found that "the compromise agreement did not entirely dispose of the parties’ controversy, particularly in connection with the Gov. Forbes property." Scjuris

In light of the foregoing discussion, the appellate court correctly ruled that the civil case for annulment of sale of realty is properly lodged with the regular court.

WHEREFORE, we MODIFY the decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 39557, promulgated on November 28, 1997. We DIRECT the Securities and Exchange Commission to proceed with the hearing and disposition of SEC Case. No. 2968 with all deliberate dispatch, in order to facilitate the proceedings in Civil Case No. 95-73823 pending with the Regional Trial Court, Branch 16, Manila, which are suspended until final outcome of the SEC case. Jurissc

No costs.

Davide, Jr., C.J., (Chairman), Puno, Kapunan, and Ynares-Santiago, JJ., concur.